Library Person

Francisco Varela

Chilean biologist and philosopher; co-originator, with Humberto Maturana, of the concept of autopoiesis.

Francisco Varela (1946–2001) studied under Humberto Maturana and, as a frequent visitor to Heinz von Foerster’s Biological Computer Laboratory, helped extend second-order cybernetics into biology. With Maturana, he co-developed the concept of “autopoiesis,” describing living systems as self-producing organizations, laid out together in The Tree of Knowledge (1987); Varela later moved into cognitive science and the neurophenomenology of consciousness.

Works in the Library